postgresql号称世界上最先进的开源关系数据库，不过公司内部使用postgresql不多，其实自己也用得不多。之所以要用pg，因为公司的数仓支持扩展pg（目前还有比较多问题），可以充分利用公司数仓的权限管理和大数据分析能力，再结合pg关系型数据库的能力。

但是不像mysql，除了psql这种原生自带的命令行客户端工具，没有公司自研的pg客户端，或者能支持兼容pg的客户端。

pgAdmin是一款专门针对PostgreSQL数据库的开源客户端管理软件，支持 Linux、Unix、Mac OS X 以及 Windows 操作系统，可以管理 PostgreSQL 9.2 以及更高版本。目前比较新的pgAdmin4，提供了大量的功能特性，由旧的CS架构变更为基于浏览器的BS架构。

1. 版本问题

先是找了篇参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/java1993666/article/details/85635789，但这个下载的包是：pgadmin4-3.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl，比较老的版本，启动pgadmin的时候报错 

#python pgAdmin4.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pgAdmin4.py", line 34, in <module>
    import config
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/config.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pgadmin.utils import env, IS_PY2, IS_WIN, fs_short_path
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/pgadmin/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    from flask_security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, current_user
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_security/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
    from .core import Security, RoleMixin, UserMixin, AnonymousUser, current_user
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_security/core.py", line 28, in <module>
    from .forms import ChangePasswordForm, ConfirmRegisterForm, \
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_security/forms.py", line 17, in <module>
    from flask_wtf import FlaskForm as BaseForm
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
    from .recaptcha import *
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/recaptcha/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .fields import *
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/recaptcha/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import widgets
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/recaptcha/widgets.py", line 5, in <module>
    from werkzeug import url_encode
ImportError: cannot import name 'url_encode' from 'werkzeug' (/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/werkzeug/__init__.py)

原来新版本werkzeug不支持url_encode，解决办法是回退到0.16.1版本。

pip uninstall Werkzeug

pip install Werkzeug==0.16.1 --timeout=60

 但发现还有其他库版本问题，机器上安装的是python3.8，应该是pgadmin4-3.6版本并不适合用python3.8，只能适配3.8之前的python版本。

最终还是参考官方文档，看最新的版本pgadmin4-4.29-py3-none-any.whl，支持python3.8，安装后可以正常起来。

官网下载安装地址：https://www.pgadmin.org/download/pgadmin-4-python/

2. 配置文件

配置有点多，有几个配置下需注意下

# This option allows the user to host the application on a LAN
# Default hosting is on localhost (DEFAULT_SERVER='localhost').
# To host pgAdmin4 over LAN set DEFAULT_SERVER='0.0.0.0' (or a specific
# adaptor address.
#
# NOTE: This is NOT recommended for production use, only for debugging
# or testing. Production installations should be run as a WSGI application
# behind Apache HTTPD.
DEFAULT_SERVER = '0.0.0.0'

# The default port on which the app server will listen if not set in the
# environment by the runtime
DEFAULT_SERVER_PORT = 80

# Check for new versions of the application?
UPGRADE_CHECK_ENABLED = False

3. 启动日志

初次启动，需要配置邮箱账户和密码，正常启动后如下

#python pgAdmin4.py 
Starting pgAdmin 4. Please navigate to http://0.0.0.0:80 in your browser.
 * Serving Flask app "pgadmin" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: off

服务日志默认放在：/var/log/pgadmin。

运行一段时间后，可能报CSRF session异常

Starting pgAdmin 4. Please navigate to http://0.0.0.0:80 in your browser.
 * Serving Flask app "pgadmin" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: off
2021-01-07 16:28:27,550: ERROR  flask.app:      400 Bad Request: The CSRF session token is missing.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/csrf.py", line 256, in protect
    validate_csrf(self._get_csrf_token())
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/csrf.py", line 94, in validate_csrf
    raise ValidationError('The CSRF session token is missing.')
wtforms.validators.ValidationError: The CSRF session token is missing.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1811, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.preprocess_request()
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2087, in preprocess_request
    rv = func()
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/csrf.py", line 224, in csrf_protect
    self.protect()
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/csrf.py", line 259, in protect
    self._error_response(e.args[0])
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_wtf/csrf.py", line 302, in _error_response
    raise CSRFError(reason)
flask_wtf.csrf.CSRFError: 400 Bad Request: The CSRF session token is missing.
2021-01-07 16:28:29,057: ERROR  flask.app:      400 Bad Request: The CSRF session token is missing.

抓包看是正常的，有同事用浏览器登陆使用一段时间后，一直没操作，但前端一直有请求http请求过来，CSRF session token可能已经失效了，所以服务日志报上面错误。将CSRF干掉会影响服务正常使用，忽略上面错误日志即可。

想加pgAdmin4进程监控，结果一不小心同时执行了上百个启动命令，等把所有启动干掉，再次手动执行的时候，报下面异常

#python pgAdmin4.py Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pgAdmin4.py", line 35, in <module>
    import config
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/config.py", line 25, in <module>
    from pgadmin.utils import env, IS_WIN, fs_short_path
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4/pgadmin/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
    from flask_mail import Mail
  File "/root/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/flask_mail.py", line 18, in <module>
    import smtplib
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 779, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 911, in get_code
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 580, in _compile_bytecode
EOFError: marshal data too short
(base) [root@docker-201027162308859662 ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pgadmin4]#sleep 10 second the time, the JMS thread is still alive

解决方法：要到指定目录执行删除操作

~/miniconda3/lib/python3.8
find -name __pycache__  | xargs rm -rf 

4. 页面异常

登陆pgadmin，一直会有个空白弹框，无法关掉，没有截图下来，最后用下面的方法尝试解决了。一般不会遇到这种问题，如果遇到了，可以参考此方法。

5. 其他

pgAdmin4的源码：https://github.com/postgres/pgadmin4

也可以docker下安装运行pgadmin，参考：https://www.yht7.com/news/96535

目前刚刚使用一段时间，感觉还不错，还需要观察一段时间。另外听说adminer也不错，有时间再拿两者对比看看，adminer可以docker下安装运行：

adminer:
    image: adminer
    hostname: adminer
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080