打开conda，报错特征如下：

报错信息

打开powershell，输入conda info一通报错。

(base) PS C:\Users\Administrator> conda info

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\exceptions.py", line 1082, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main.py", line 87, in _main
        exit_code = do_call(args, p)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\conda_argparse.py", line 84, in do_call
        return getattr(module, func_name)(args, parser)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main_info.py", line 317, in execute
        info_dict = get_info_dict(args.system)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main_info.py", line 163, in get_info_dict
        pkgs_dirs=context.pkgs_dirs,
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\base\context.py", line 530, in pkgs_dirs
        fixed_dirs += user_data_dir(APP_NAME, APP_NAME),
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 67, in user_data_dir
        path = os.path.join(_get_win_folder(const), appauthor, appname)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 284, in _get_win_folder_with_pywin32
        from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell
    ImportError: DLL load failed while importing shell: 找不到指定的程序。

`$ C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Scripts\conda-script.py info`


An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.

If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers?

[y/N]: n

No report sent. To permanently opt-out, use

    $ conda config --set report_errors false

安装任意包同样报错。。。。

(base) PS C:\Users\Administrator> conda install pybindll
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): failed
WARNING conda.exceptions:print_unexpected_error_report(1216): KeyError('pkgs_dirs')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\exceptions.py", line 1082, in __call__
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main.py", line 87, in _main
    exit_code = do_call(args, p)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\conda_argparse.py", line 84, in do_call
    return getattr(module, func_name)(args, parser)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main_install.py", line 20, in execute
    install(args, parser, 'install')
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\install.py", line 260, in install
    unlink_link_transaction = solver.solve_for_transaction(
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 152, in solve_for_transaction
    unlink_precs, link_precs = self.solve_for_diff(update_modifier, deps_modifier,
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 195, in solve_for_diff
    final_precs = self.solve_final_state(update_modifier, deps_modifier, prune, ignore_pinned,
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 300, in solve_final_state
    ssc = self._collect_all_metadata(ssc)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\common\io.py", line 88, in decorated
    return f(*args, **kwds)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 463, in _collect_all_metadata
    index, r = self._prepare(prepared_specs)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 1058, in _prepare
    reduced_index = get_reduced_index(self.prefix, self.channels,
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\index.py", line 288, in get_reduced_index
    new_records = SubdirData.query_all(spec, channels=channels, subdirs=subdirs,
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\subdir_data.py", line 118, in query_all
    create_cache_dir()
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\subdir_data.py", line 876, in create_cache_dir
    cache_dir = join(PackageCacheData.first_writable().pkgs_dir, 'cache')
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\package_cache_data.py", line 151, in first_writable
    pkgs_dirs = context.pkgs_dirs
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\base\context.py", line 530, in pkgs_dirs
    fixed_dirs += user_data_dir(APP_NAME, APP_NAME),
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 67, in user_data_dir
    path = os.path.join(_get_win_folder(const), appauthor, appname)
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 284, in _get_win_folder_with_pywin32
    from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell
ImportError: DLL load failed while importing shell: 找不到指定的程序。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\exceptions.py", line 1214, in print_unexpected_error_report
    message_builder.append(get_main_info_str(error_report['conda_info']))
  File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main_info.py", line 237, in get_main_info_str
    info_dict['_' + key] = ('\n' + 26 * ' ').join(info_dict[key])
KeyError: 'pkgs_dirs'

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\exceptions.py", line 1082, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main.py", line 87, in _main
        exit_code = do_call(args, p)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\conda_argparse.py", line 84, in do_call
        return getattr(module, func_name)(args, parser)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\main_install.py", line 20, in execute
        install(args, parser, 'install')
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\cli\install.py", line 260, in install
        unlink_link_transaction = solver.solve_for_transaction(
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 152, in solve_for_transaction
        unlink_precs, link_precs = self.solve_for_diff(update_modifier, deps_modifier,
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 195, in solve_for_diff
        final_precs = self.solve_final_state(update_modifier, deps_modifier, prune, ignore_pinned,
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 300, in solve_final_state
        ssc = self._collect_all_metadata(ssc)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\common\io.py", line 88, in decorated
        return f(*args, **kwds)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 463, in _collect_all_metadata
        index, r = self._prepare(prepared_specs)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\solve.py", line 1058, in _prepare
        reduced_index = get_reduced_index(self.prefix, self.channels,
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\index.py", line 288, in get_reduced_index
        new_records = SubdirData.query_all(spec, channels=channels, subdirs=subdirs,
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\subdir_data.py", line 118, in query_all
        create_cache_dir()
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\subdir_data.py", line 876, in create_cache_dir
        cache_dir = join(PackageCacheData.first_writable().pkgs_dir, 'cache')
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\core\package_cache_data.py", line 151, in first_writable
        pkgs_dirs = context.pkgs_dirs
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\base\context.py", line 530, in pkgs_dirs
        fixed_dirs += user_data_dir(APP_NAME, APP_NAME),
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 67, in user_data_dir
        path = os.path.join(_get_win_folder(const), appauthor, appname)
      File "C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\conda\_vendor\appdirs.py", line 284, in _get_win_folder_with_pywin32
        from win32com.shell import shellcon, shell
    ImportError: DLL load failed while importing shell: 找不到指定的程序。

`$ C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\Scripts\conda-script.py install pybindll`

  environment variables:
conda info could not be constructed.
KeyError('pkgs_dirs')

An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.

If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers?

[y/N]: n

No report sent. To permanently opt-out, use

    $ conda config --set report_errors false

尝试了很多网上的方法都不行，环境变量也没问题，最后conda重新安装还是不行，最终找到的办法如下：

解决办法：

找到C:\Users\{用户名}\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python{version}\site-packages这个路径，删除site-packages这个文件夹，conda报错便消失。

输入conda info验证：

没有问题，说明问题解决。

问题分析：

conda安装后，从上面可以看到，conda install自动下载的脚本和安装包是在C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\pkgs; C:\Users\Administrator\.conda\pkgs; C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs

而pip安装各种包的默认安装地址是C:\Users\{用户名}\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python{version}\site-packages； C:\Users\{用户名}\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python{version}\scripts；这里可以通过python -m site命令查看：

其中USER_BASE和USER_SITE就是python默认通过pip自动下载的脚本和依赖安装包的基础路径。（我这里doesn’t exist是因为我已经删掉这个文件夹了）
然后使用命令python -m site -help，可以看到

说明这个路径配置是在anaconda3\lib\site.py这个文件中。可以对这个进行修改换成自己脚本和包的安装路径。
可以再次使用python -m site来查看是否替换成功

PS： 多说一句，看conda官方issue中提到，尽量不要使用pip和conda混合安装，因为两种安装方法的二进制编译存在差异，暂时还不清楚和这个有没有关系，但pip和conda最好是常常只用一种方式。

参考资料：

Windows conda ImportError: DLL load failed while importing shell