prl_convert指令在初版时可用，新版无法使用--allow-no-os提取系统

准备

> Parallel Desktop
> linux system:
    · qemu-img
    · fdisk
    · kpartx
    · bsdtar
    · wget
    
> 注意用户权限
    · $ --> normal user
    · # --> root

一、以下在Linux系统中运行, 也可通过(ssh 用户名@Linux的IP地址)来操作, 后者便于复制粘贴

1.下载

$ mkdir ~/alarm
$ cd ~/alarm
$ wget http://os.archlinuxarm.org/os/ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz
$ qemu-img create archlinux.img 32GB

2.处理镜像

$ fdisk archlinux.img 
- 然后输入 g (创建新的GPT分区表)
- 然后输入 n (创建新分区), 然后分配内存 +500M 
- 然后输入 t (更改类型), 然后输入 1 (for EFI System Partition)
- 然后输入 n 回车三次 
- 然后输入 w 进行更改并退出

ubuntu@ll:~/arch$ fdisk ArchLinuxARM.img 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x56d7d6b4.

Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: CA213D86-0D7D-774C-802D-0A98D249516D).

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (2048-134217694, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-134217694, default 134217694): +500M

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 500 MiB.

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Partition type (type L to list all types): 1
Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'EFI System'.

Command (m for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2): 
First sector (1026048-134217694, default 1026048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1026048-134217694, default 134217694): 

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 63.5 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

3.格式化映像分区

$ su
＃kpartx -av archlinux.img
＃ls /dev/mapper   
----
您应该看到两个新设备-类似于loop5p1/loop5p2
例如
root@ll:/home/ubuntu/arch# kpartx -av ArchLinuxARM.img 
add map loop5p1 (253:0): 0 1024000 linear 7:5 2048
add map loop5p2 (253:1): 0 133191647 linear 7:5 1026048
root@ll:/home/ubuntu/arch# ls /dev/mapper/
control  loop5p1  loop5p2
----

＃mkfs.vfat /dev/mapper/loop5p1
＃mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop5p2

4.挂载分区

# mkdir root
# mount /dev/mapper/loop5p2 root
# mkdir root/boot
# mount /dev/mapper/loop5p1 root/boot 
# bsdtar -xpf ArchLinuxARM-aarch64-latest.tar.gz -C root

5.配置/etc/fstab和/boot/startup.nsh

# blkid 
----
我的UUID显示如下
/dev/mapper/loop7p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="AA1B-6C88" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="c84bdda2-33d5-0645-9e5d-cd06a547b662"
/dev/mapper/loop7p2: UUID="bf95d980-8452-4af7-a306-45e1a54eb880" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="34582bda-bead-e94d-82f3-33679cded0df"
----

# vim root/etc/fstab
----
文件内容编辑如下（拷贝上面的UUID）
/dev/disk/by-uuid/bf95d980-8452-4af7-a306-45e1a54eb880 / ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/AA1B-6C88 /boot vfat defaults 0 0

# vim root/boot/startup.nsh
----
文件内容编辑如下（拷贝上面的UUID）
Image root=UUID=bf95d980-8452-4af7-a306-45e1a54eb880 rw initrd=\initramfs-linux.img
----

6.配置结束

# umount root/boot
# umount root
# kpartx -d archlinux.img
# sync
# exit

7.转换格式

# -O 不是零，是o(哦)的大写
$ qemu-img convert -O vhdx archlinux.img archlinux.vhdx

二、以下在macOS系统中运行

（1）在parallesl desktop中以archlinux.vhdx新建虚拟机，拖拽即可

（2）提示“无法检测操作系统”，问题不大，点击继续，选择系统“其他Linux”即可，然后下一步命名

（3）启动虚拟机

（3-1）点确定

（3-2）选择 Boot Manager 下 UEFI Shell

（3-3）完成上述步骤后，默认启动，可不操作，等待 5s，让系统启动startup.nsh文件，即可登录

三、虚拟机运行

1.登陆

管理员登陆
alarm login: root
password: root
-------------------
普通用户
alarm login: alarm
password: alarm

2.换源

# vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo
Server = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinuxarm/$arch/$repo

3.非常必要的步骤！！！

# pacman-key --init
# pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm

4.更新与安装

# pacman -Syyu
# pacman -S efibootmgr

5.设置远程登录

# vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
把 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
改为 PermitRootLogin yes

# systemctl restart sshd.service

# ifconfig ｜ grep 'inet'
----查看IP地址----

6.关闭audit(可选)

关掉audit
/boot/cmdline.txt 最后面加audit=0
关掉输出
systemctl mask systemd-journald-audit.socket

7.在macOS终端(ssh root@虚拟机IP地址)后

# blkid
----需要UUID----

# efibootmgr --disk /dev/sda --part 1 --create --label "Arch Linux ARM" --loader /Image --unicode 'root=UUID=4a8e14ec-0575-4b03-b0a5-dd18b36b37e4 rw initrd=\initramfs-linux.img' --verbose
--日志--
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0005,0002,0001,0003,0000,0004
Boot0000* UiApp	FvVol(45801e53-5502-4463-929a-9bafaf424a72)/FvFile(462caa21-7614-4503-836e-8ab6f4662331)
Boot0001* UEFI Virtual DVD-ROM 	VenHw(0d51905b-b77e-452a-a2c0-eca0cc8d514a,00a0da010000000000)/Sata(1,65535,0)걎脈鼑䵙຅᫢ⱒ뉙
Boot0002* UEFI ArchLinuxARM RA63ANWE0VHMX3Q70HN0	VenHw(0d51905b-b77e-452a-a2c0-eca0cc8d514a,00a0da010000000000)/Sata(2,65535,0)걎脈鼑䵙຅᫢ⱒ뉙
Boot0003* No OS found	FvVol(45801e53-5502-4463-929a-9bafaf424a72)/FvFile(343e8cc7-cbc7-4d2f-af94-e783b827053b)
Boot0004* UEFI Shell	FvVol(45801e53-5502-4463-929a-9bafaf424a72)/FvFile(7c04a583-9e3e-4f1c-ad65-e05268d0b4d1)
Boot0005* ArchLinuxARM	HD(1,GPT,41f88a2e-8534-7844-b072-c84159d8e2ca,0x800,0xfa000)/File(\Image)root=UUID=4a8e14ec-0575-4b03-b0a5-dd18b36b37e4 rw initrd=\initramfs-linux.img
----

# poweroff

重新打开虚拟机后即可

详细可见How to boot Arch Linux ARM in QEMU (patched for M1) or Parallels Technical Preview for M1