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英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。
反意疑问句是英文中常见的一种句型,它提出情况或看法,询问对方同意与否,被广泛应用于英语口语。反意疑问句通常由两部分构成:前一部分用陈述句的形式(statement),后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句(也叫tag question)。所附简短问句中的主语和谓语与陈述句的保持一致,而且两部分的时态要一致。反意疑问句有两种类型:
(1)肯定陈述+否定简短问句;(2)否定陈述+肯定简短问句 如:
She is a famous singer, isn’t she?她是著名的歌手,对不?
He hasn’t been abroad, has he?他没有出过国,是吗?
在回答的时候, 如果是前肯后否的句子,思维和中国人相同;如果是前否后肯的句子,思维正好同中国人相反:
对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
除了上面说的两种类型,反意疑问句还有以下18种特殊的情况:
例如:
Look at the blackboard, will you/ won’t you?看黑板,好吗?
1)Let’s…,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan’t we。例如:
Let’s go home, shall we/ shan’t we? 回家吧,好吗?
还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。
2)Let us/me…后的反意疑问句用will you或won’t you。例如:
Let me have a try, will you/won’t you? 让我试一试,行吗?
例如: What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧?
例如:
He needs help, doesn’t he?他需要帮助,是吗?
例如:
I’m working now, am’t I? 我在工作,是吗?
例如:
Something is wrong with my radio, isn’t it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
例如:
Everyone is here, aren’t they? 大家都到了,是吗?
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?
例如:
This is a plane, isn’t it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are grapes,aren’t they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?
例如:
One should be ready to help others, shouldn’t one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?
例如:
He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?
例如:
It is unfair, isn’t it? 这不公平,是吧?
例如:
You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?
例如:
What you need is more important, isn’t it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
例如:
I don’t think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?
例如:
They had a meeting just now,didn’t they? 他们刚才开了个会,是吗?
例如:
You have to water the vegetables every day, don’t you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?
例如:
There was a hospital here, wasn’t there? 过去这儿有家医院,是吗?
例如:
We had better go to school at once, hadn’t we? 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?
例如:
He must work hard at physics, mustn’t he? 他必须努力学物理,是吧?
Tom must be at home,isn’t he? 汤姆一定在家,是吧?
反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”
简略问句如果是否定式,not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写
简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词
当说话者的目的不在疑问,而是为了加强语气时,用降调
当说话者的目的在疑问,则用升调
陈述部分含“too…to”时,是否定句
I’m as tall as your sister,aren’t I?
(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(我希望可以和你说话,可以吗?)
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he? / shouldn’t he?
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’t you?
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
如:
You must work hard next term, mustn’t you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
如:
You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
You must know the answer to the exercise, don’t you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?
That must be your bed, isn’t it? 那一定是你的床,是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗?
表示推测时,否定式通常不是must not,而是can't (cannot).如:
He can’t have been to your home; he doesn’t know your address, does he?
他不可能去过你家;他不知道你的地址,是不是?
What colours, aren’t they?
What a smell, isn’t it?
Neither you nor I am an engineer, are we?
Everything is ready, isn’t it?
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn’t he?
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn’t he?
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can’t she?
但此时主语必须是第一人称
如果不是则不能否定从句
如 He thought they were wrong,didn’t he?
而不能说weren’t they?
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? (doesn’t he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you/he?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she?
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won’t you ?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we(或用shan't we) ?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan’t we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won’t you)?
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
It is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn’t he?
在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let's.如:
—Shall we go by train?
—Yes,let’s.
如两个同学对老师说:
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。
如:
Let’s go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影,好吗?
Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影,好吗?
反意疑问句的构成有以下几点特殊情况须注意:
例如:
Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they?
Nobody came, did they?
Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
例如:
There isn’t a book on the table, is there?
There’s something wrong, isn’t there?
There won’t be any trouble, will there?
例如:
He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?
The rules are invariable, aren’t they?
He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he?
He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?
Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
例如:
I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I?
I am late, aren’t I ?
例如:
One must be honest, mustn’t one?
例如:
They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they?
I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he?
注意:否定词移位的情况,如:
I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
例如:
You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you?
但如果陈述句是否定形式时,简短问句中动词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如:
He hasn’t a house of his own, has he?
He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he?
如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历,遭受,得到,吃”的意思时,则简短问句中的动词用 do的形式。例如:
You often have headaches, don’t you?
例如:
The Smiths used to live in the countryside, usedn’t / didn’t they?
He didn’t use/used to tell lies, did he?
例如:
You needn’t do it if you don’t want to, need you?
You needn’t have told him the news, need you?
例如:
The food must be good, isn’t it?
You must have read the book last month, didn’t you?
You must see the doctor, needn’t you?(must表必要性,故用needn’t)
You mustn’t do that again, must you?(must表示“不可以”)
例如:
Do sit down, won’t you?
Shut up, can you?
在否定的祈使句后, 只能用will you。例如:
Don’t forget, will you?
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