Aims and scope 目标和范围

Official Journal of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy
国际氢能协会官方公报

The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy aims to provide a central vehicle for the exchange and dissemination of new ideas, technology developments and research results in the field of Hydrogen Energy between scientists and engineers throughout the world. The emphasis is placed on original research, both analytical and experimental, covering all aspects of Hydrogen Energy, including production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic and international aspects of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc.
《国际氢能杂志》旨在为世界各地的科学家和工程师之间交流和传播氢能领域的新思想、技术发展和研究成果提供一个中心载体。重点放在原创性研究上，包括分析和实验，涵盖氢能的各个方面，包括氢能的生产、储存、传输、利用、使能技术、环境影响、氢和氢载体（如NH3、CH4、醇等）的经济和国际方面。

The utilization includes thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells) and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes and/or hydrogen carriers to thermal, mechanical and electrical energies, and their applications in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial and residential sectors.
其利用包括热化学（燃烧）、光化学、电化学（燃料电池）和氢、氢同位素和/或氢载体的核转化为热能、机械能和电能，以及它们在运输（包括航空航天）、工业、商业和住宅领域的应用。

When outstanding new advances are made, or when new areas have been developed to a definitive stage, special review articles will be considered. Shorter communications are also welcome.
当取得突出的新进展时，或当新领域已发展到确定阶段时，将考虑特别审查文章。也欢迎缩短沟通时间。

This journal welcomes contributions that support and advance the UN’s sustainable development goals, in particular SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy)
本刊欢迎支持和推进联合国可持续发展目标的贡献，特别是可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源）

Guide for authors 作者指南

Your Paper Your Way
您的论文以您的方式

We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a ‘correct format’ for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
我们现在区分了新提交和修订提交的要求。您可以选择将您的稿件作为单个 Word 或 PDF 文件提交，以便在审稿过程中使用。只有当你的论文处于修改阶段时，你才会被要求把你的论文放在一个“正确的格式”上，以便被接受，并提供你的文章发表所需的项目。
To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.
要了解更多信息，请访问下面的“准备”部分。
Introduction 介绍
Types of Paper 纸张类型

The International Journal of Hydrogen Energy accepts research papers, review papers and short communications.
《国际氢能杂志》接受研究论文、评论论文和简短的通讯。
Research papers: 研究论文：
• A research paper presents the results of investigations on a relevant subject matter.
• 研究论文介绍了对相关主题的调查结果。
• The length should not normally exceed 8000 words and 12 diagrams - this corresponds to approximately 12 journal pages.
• 长度通常不应超过 8000 字和 12 张图表 - 这相当于大约 12 页期刊。
• Guide for Authors should be followed.
• 应遵循作者指南。

Review Papers: 综述论文：
• A review paper succinctly reviews recent progress on a specific subject of active research. It should summarize the current state of knowledge of the topic by discussing the findings presented in recent research papers.
• 一篇综述论文简明扼要地回顾了在积极研究的特定主题上的最新进展。它应该通过讨论最近研究论文中提出的发现来总结该主题的当前知识状态。
• The length should not normally exceed 12000 words and 20 diagrams - this corresponds to approximately 18 journal pages.
• 长度通常不应超过 12000 字和 20 张图表 - 这相当于大约 18 页期刊。
• Guide for Authors should be followed.
• 应遵循作者指南。

Short communications: 简短的沟通：
• A short communication informs the scientific community about recent research, which the authors wish to publish as quickly as possible, without writing a detailed full length research paper.
• 简短的交流向科学界通报最近的研究，作者希望尽快发表这些研究，而无需撰写详细的完整研究论文。
• The length should not normally exceed 3000 words and 4 diagrams - this corresponds to approximately 4 journal pages.
• 长度通常不应超过 3000 字和 4 个图表 - 这相当于大约 4 页日记。
• Guide for Authors should be followed.
• 应遵循作者指南。

Submission checklist 提交清单

You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
您可以使用此列表对您的投稿进行最终检查，然后再将其发送给期刊进行审核。请查看本作者指南中的相关部分，了解更多详情。
Ensure that the following items are present:
确保存在以下项目：

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
一位作者被指定为通讯作者，联系方式如下：
• E-mail address • 电子邮件地址
• Full postal address
• 完整的邮寄地址

All necessary files have been uploaded:
所有必要的文件都已上传：
Manuscript: 手稿：
• Include keywords • 包括关键字
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• 所有图表（包括相关标题）
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• 所有表格（包括标题、描述、脚注）
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• 确保文本中的所有图形和表格引用都与提供的文件匹配
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
• 清楚地指出是否应将颜色用于打印中的任何图形
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
图形摘要/突出显示文件（如适用）
Supplemental files (where applicable)
补充文件（如适用）

Further considerations 其他注意事项
• Manuscript has been ‘spell checked’ and ‘grammar checked’
• 稿件已“拼写检查”和“语法检查”
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献均在正文中引用，反之亦然
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• 已获得使用来自其他来源（包括互联网）的受版权保护材料的许可
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• 即使作者没有要声明的竞争利益，也要提供竞争利益声明
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐建议和联系方式

For further information, visit our Support Center.
有关更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心。

Before you begin 准备工作
Ethics in Publishing 出版伦理

It is not permissible for author(s) to simultaneously submit essentially the same manuscript to the IJHE and other journal(s). Plagiarism in any form will not be tolerated. The submission of a multi-authored manuscript by a corresponding author implies that all co-authors had made significant contributions to the work.
作者不得同时向IJHE和其他期刊提交基本相同的稿件。任何形式的剽窃都是不被容忍的。由通讯作者提交多作者手稿意味着所有合著者都为这项工作做出了重大贡献。
For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and https://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
有关出版伦理和期刊出版伦理准则的信息，请参阅 https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics 和 https://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines。
Studies in humans and animals
人类和动物研究

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript should be in line with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals and aim for the inclusion of representative human populations (sex, age and ethnicity) as per those recommendations. The terms sex and gender should be used correctly.
如果工作涉及使用人类受试者，作者应确保所描述的工作是按照世界医学会道德准则（赫尔辛基宣言）进行的，用于涉及人类的实验。稿件应符合《医学期刊学术著作的实施、报告、编辑和出版建议》，并旨在根据这些建议纳入具有代表性的人群（性别、年龄和种族）。应正确使用“性别”和“性别”这两个术语。
The author should ensure that the manuscript contains a statement that all procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and have been approved by the appropriate institutional committee(s). This statement should contain the date and reference number of the ethical approval(s) obtained. Authors should also include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.
作者应确保手稿包含一份声明，说明所有程序均按照相关法律和机构指南执行，并已获得相应机构委员会的批准。该声明应包含获得伦理批准的日期和参考编号。作者还应在手稿中加入一份声明，说明对人类受试者进行实验已获得知情同意。必须始终遵守人类主体的隐私权。

The journal will not accept manuscripts that contain data derived from unethically sourced organs or tissue, including from executed prisoners or prisoners of conscience, consistent with recommendations by Global Rights Compliance on Mitigating Human Rights Risks in Transplantation Medicine. For all studies that use human organs or tissues authors must provide sufficient evidence that they were procured in line with WHO Guiding Principles on Human Cell, Tissue and Organ Transplantation. The source of the organs or tissues used in clinical research must be transparent and traceable. Authors of manuscripts describing organ transplantation must additionally declare within the manuscript:
该杂志不接受包含来自不道德来源的器官或组织的数据的手稿，包括来自被处决的囚犯或良心犯的数据，这与全球权利合规组织关于减轻移植医学人权风险的建议一致。对于所有使用人体器官或组织的研究，作者必须提供足够的证据，证明它们是根据世界卫生组织关于人体细胞、组织和器官移植的指导原则获得的。临床研究中使用的器官或组织的来源必须是透明和可追溯的。描述器官移植的手稿的作者必须在手稿中另外声明：

Declaration of competing interest
利益冲突声明

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors should complete the declaration of competing interest statement using this template and upload to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step. Note: Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required. If there are no interests to declare, please choose the first option in the template. More information.
所有作者必须披露与他人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不恰当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。潜在利益冲突的例子包括雇佣、咨询、股票所有权、酬金、有偿专家证词、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其他资金。作者应使用此模板完成利益冲突声明，并在“附加/上传文件”步骤上传到提交系统。注意：请不要将.docx模板转换为其他文件类型。不需要作者签名。如果没有要申报的利益，请选择模板中的第一个选项。更多信息。
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
生成式人工智能在科学写作中的宣言

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.
以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是作为研究过程的一部分，使用人工智能工具从数据中分析和得出见解。
Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能 （AI） 和 AI 辅助技术，作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言性。应用该技术应该在人类的监督和控制下完成，作者应该仔细审查和编辑结果，因为人工智能可以生成听起来权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。人工智能和人工智能辅助技术不应被列为作者或合著者，也不应被引用为作者。作者身份意味着只能归因于人类并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的 AI 作者政策中所述。

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
作者应按照以下说明在写作过程中披露人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的使用。声明将出现在已发表的作品中。请注意，作者对作品内容负有最终责任。

Disclosure instructions 披露说明
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.
作者必须在核心稿件文件的稿件末尾，在参考文献列表之前添加声明，披露在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的情况。该声明应放在题为“写作过程中的生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的声明”的新章节中。

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用[名称工具/服务]来[REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任。

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么要披露的，就没有必要添加声明。

Submission declaration and verification
提交声明和验证

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交一篇文章意味着所描述的工作以前没有发表过（除了以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时发表”），它没有考虑在其他地方发表，其发表得到了所有作者的批准，并得到了进行工作的主管当局的默示或明确， 并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，不得以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过Crossref相似性检查和其他原创性或重复性检查软件进行检查。
Preprints 预印本
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier’s sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information).
请注意，预印本可以随时随地共享，符合爱思唯尔的共享政策。共享您的预印本，例如在预印本服务器上共享，将不算作先前发表（有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或并发发表”）。
Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns (“clinicians, patients/clients”) as default/wherever possible to avoid using “he, she,” or “he/she.” We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as “master”, “slave”, “blacklist” and “whitelist”. We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as “primary”, “secondary”, “blocklist” and “allowlist”. These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会均等。内容不应对任何读者的信念或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并自始至终使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议尽可能使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人属性的描述符，例如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如“主”、“从”、“黑名单”和“白名单”。我们建议使用更合适且（自我）解释的替代方案，例如“主要”、“次要”、“阻止列表”和“允许列表”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助识别适当的语言，但绝不是详尽或确定的。
Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和性别的分析

Reporting guidance 报告指南
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research’s generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/申办者的要求和领域内的最佳实践，将性别和基于性别的分析 （SGBA） 整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中讨论其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该讨论这作为他们研究的普遍性的限制。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们正在应用的性别和/或性别定义，以提高其研究的精确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考 and Gender Equity in Research （SAGER） 指南和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍同意的指导方针来定义性别和性别。
Definitions 定义
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (““sex assigned at birth””), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ““sex”” and ““gender”” can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指与身体和生理特征（例如染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的一组生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多样化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性别和性别经常被错误地描绘成二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）并且保持不变，而这些结构实际上存在于一个光谱中，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异 （DSD） 或被认定为非二元的人。此外，术语“性别”和“性别”可能模棱两可，因此作者必须定义它们的使用方式。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外，本页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性别和性别的进一步见解。

Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition or deletion of author names in the authorship list will not be considered. A rearrangement of author names will only be considered after the Editor receives the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the rearrangement.
作者在提交稿件之前应仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供最终的作者名单。在作者列表中添加或删除作者姓名将不予考虑。只有在编辑收到通讯作者的以下信息后，才会考虑重新排列作者姓名：（a）作者名单更改的原因和（b）所有作者同意重新排列的书面确认（电子邮件，信件）。
The Editor WILL NOT consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted.
在稿件被接受后，编辑不会考虑添加、删除或重新排列作者。
Copyright 版权

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a ‘Journal Publishing Agreement’ form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“期刊出版协议”（参见更多信息）。我们将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到稿件，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或本协议在线版本的链接。
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
订阅者可以复制目录或准备文章清单，包括摘要，以便在其机构内内部传阅。在机构外转售或分发以及所有其他衍生作品（包括汇编和翻译）都需要获得出版商的许可。如果包含其他受版权保护的作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。在这些情况下，爱思唯尔有预印的表格供作者使用。

For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a ‘License Agreement’ (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author’s choice of user license.
对于金牌开放获取文章：文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“许可协议”（更多信息）。允许第三方重复使用黄金开放获取文章取决于作者选择的用户许可。

Author rights 作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。

Elsevier supports responsible sharing
爱思唯尔支持负责任的分享
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究成果。
Role of the funding source
资金来源的作用

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.
请您确定谁为研究和/或文章的准备提供了财务支持，并简要描述申办者（如果有）在研究设计中的作用;数据的收集、分析和解释;在撰写报告时;以及提交文章发表的决定。如果资金来源没有这种参与，建议说明这一点。
Open access 开放获取

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的开放获取页面，了解有关本期刊开放获取发表的更多信息。
Language (usage and editing services)
语言（使用和编辑服务）
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier’s Language Services.
请用流利的英语写你的文字（接受美国或英国的使用，但不能混合使用）。如果作者认为自己的英语稿件可能需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，则不妨使用爱思唯尔语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。
Full Online Submission 完整的在线提交

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the homepage of this journal (https://www.editorialmanager.com/he) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author’s homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
向本期刊投稿完全在线进行。使用以下指南来准备您的文章。通过本期刊的主页（https://www.editorialmanager.com/he），您将逐步完成各种文件的创建和上传。系统会自动将源文件转换为文章的单个 Adobe Acrobat PDF 版本，用于同行评审过程。请注意，即使稿件源文件在提交时被转换为PDF进行审查，这些源文件在接受后仍需要进一步处理。所有通信，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，都通过电子邮件和作者的主页进行，无需硬拷贝的纸质记录。
Suggesting reviewers 推荐审稿人
Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers.
请提交几位潜在审稿人的姓名和机构电子邮件地址。
You should not suggest reviewers who are colleagues, or who have co-authored or collaborated with you during the last three years. Editors do not invite reviewers who have potential competing interests with the authors. Further, in order to provide a broad and balanced assessment of the work, and ensure scientific rigor, please suggest diverse candidate reviewers who are located in different countries/regions from the author group. Also consider other diversity attributes e.g. gender, race and ethnicity, career stage, etc. Finally, you should not include existing members of the journal’s editorial team, of whom the journal are already aware.
您不应推荐同事或在过去三年中与您共同撰写或合作的审稿人。编辑不会邀请与作者有潜在竞争利益的审稿人。此外，为了对工作进行广泛而平衡的评估，并确保科学严谨性，请推荐来自作者群体不同国家/地区的不同候选审稿人。还要考虑其他多样性属性，例如性别、种族和民族、职业阶段等。最后，你不应该包括期刊编辑团队的现有成员，期刊已经知道他们了。

Note: the editor decides whether or not to invite your suggested reviewers.
注意：编辑决定是否邀请您推荐的审稿人。

Preparation 制备
Queries 查询

For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
有关编辑过程（包括正在审稿的状态）或提交的技术支持的问题，请访问我们的支持中心。
NEW SUBMISSIONS 新提交内容

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
向本期刊投稿完全在线进行，您将逐步完成文件的创建和上传。系统会自动将您的文件转换为单个 PDF 文件，用于同行评审过程。
As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately.
作为Your Paper Your Way服务的一部分，您可以选择将稿件作为单个文件提交，以便在审稿过程中使用。这可以是 PDF 文件或 Word 文档，采用任何格式或布局，可供审稿人用于评估您的稿件。它应该包含足够高质量的数据供裁判使用。如果您愿意这样做，您仍然可以在初始提交时提供全部或部分源文件。请注意，大于 10 MB 的单个图形文件必须单独上传。
References 引用
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格要求。引用可以采用任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊名称/书名、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，以便作者更正。
Formatting requirements 格式要求
There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
没有严格的格式要求，但所有稿件必须包含传达稿件所需的基本元素，例如摘要、关键词、引言、材料和方法、结果、结论、插图和带标题的表格。
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
如果您的文章包含任何视频和/或其他补充材料，则应将其包含在您的初始提交中，以便进行同行评审。
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
将文章划分为明确定义的部分。
Figures and tables embedded in text
文本中嵌入的图形和表格
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table.
请确保单个文件中包含的图表和表格放在稿件中相关文本的旁边，而不是文件的底部或顶部。相应的标题应放在图或表的正下方。
Peer review 同行审查

This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor’s decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal’s usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
该期刊采用单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会被发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对文章的接受或拒绝负责最终决定。编辑的决定是最终决定。编辑不参与他们自己撰写的或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务有关的论文的决定。任何此类投稿均须遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评议类型的更多信息。
REVISED SUBMISSIONS 经修订的意见书
Marked Copy 标记副本
Pleae supply a marked copy of the previous version of the manuscript highlighting the changes. This is in addition to a CLEAN, Unmarked copy of the final version.
恳请提供一份带有标记的手稿副本，以突出显示更改。这是对最终版本的干净、未标记副本的补充。
Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
无论原始提交的文件格式如何，在修改时，您都必须向我们提供整篇文章的可编辑文件。使文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除和替换。电子文本的准备方式应与传统稿件非常相似（另见《爱思唯尔出版指南》）。另请参阅“电子图稿”部分。
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the ‘spell-check’ and ‘grammar-check’ functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。
LaTeX 乳胶
You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX to generate your bibliography.
建议您使用爱思唯尔文章类elsarticle.cls来准备您的稿件，并使用BibTeX来生成您的参考书目。
Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information.
我们的 LaTeX 网站有详细的提交说明、模板和其他信息。
Article structure 文章结构
Essential title page information
基本扉页信息

Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
标题。简明扼要，内容丰富。标题通常用于信息检索系统。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式。
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
作者姓名和单位。如果姓氏可能含糊不清（例如，双名），请明确说明。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名之后和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称，以及每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
通讯作者。明确说明谁愿意在审稿和出版的所有阶段（包括出版后）处理通信。除了电子邮件地址和完整的邮政地址外，还要确保提供电话和传真号码（包括国家和地区代码）。
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a “Present address”’ (or “Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后已经搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以将“现在的地址”（或“永久地址”）作为该作者姓名的脚注。必须保留作者实际完成作品的地址作为主要隶属关系地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。
Abstract 抽象

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should be written in the present tense and be no longer than 150 words maximum. It should briefly state the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
需要简明扼要的摘要。摘要应以现在时态书写，不超过150字。应简要说明研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此它必须能够独立存在。因此，应避免参考文献，但如果有必要，请引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果有必要，则必须在摘要中首次提及时定义它们。
Graphical Abstract 图形摘要
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
虽然图形摘要是可选的，但鼓励使用它，因为它会引起人们对在线文章的更多关注。图形摘要应以简洁的图形形式总结文章的内容，旨在吸引广大读者的注意力。图形摘要应作为单独文件提交在线提交系统。图片尺寸：请提供至少 531 × 1328 像素（高×宽）或更大的图片。使用 5 dpi 的常规屏幕分辨率，图像应以 5 × 13 厘米的尺寸可读。首选文件类型：TIFF、EPS、PDF 或 MS Office 文件。您可以在我们的信息网站上查看示例图形摘要。
Highlights 突出

Highlights are mandatory for this journal. Highlights should describe the essence of the research, highlighting what is ‘new’ and distinctive about it. They must consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use ‘Highlights’ in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters per bullet point including spaces). See Elsevier Research Highlightsfor examples.
本期刊的亮点是强制性的。亮点应描述研究的本质，突出其“新”和独特之处。它们必须由传达文章核心发现的简短要点组成，并应在在线提交系统中的单独文件中提交。请在文件名中使用“亮点”，并包含 3 到 5 个项目符号（每个项目符号最多 85 个字符，包括空格）。有关示例，请参阅Elsevier Research Highlights。
Keywords 关键字

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, “and”, “of”). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
在摘要之后，立即提供最多 6 个关键字，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般和复数术语以及多个概念（避免，例如，“and”、“of”）。避免使用缩写：只有在该领域牢固确立的缩写才有资格。这些关键字将用于索引目的。
Subdivision - numbered sections
细分 - 编号部分
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text’. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节应编号为 1.1（然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要仅引用“文本”。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应出现在其单独的行上。
Introduction 介绍

The introduction should define clearly the nature of the problem being considered. Reference should be made to previously published pertinent papers, accenting the major original contributions.
导言应明确界定所审议问题的性质。应参考以前发表的相关论文，强调主要的原创贡献。
Material and methods 材料与方法
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。
Theory/calculation 理论/计算
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
理论部分应该扩展而不是重复引言中已经处理过的文章的背景，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。相比之下，“计算”部分代表了理论基础的实际发展。
Results 结果
Results should be clear and concise.
结果应该清晰简洁。
Discussion 讨论
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
这应该探索工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。将结果和讨论组合起来通常是合适的。避免大量引用和讨论已发表的文献。
Conclusions 结论

The main conclusions of the study should be presented in a short Conclusions section.
研究的主要结论应在简短的结论部分中提出。
Appendices 附录
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，应将其标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和数字也是如此：表A.1;图 A.1 等
Highlights 突出

Highlights are mandatory for this journal as they help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the example Highlights.
该期刊的亮点是强制性的，因为它们有助于提高文章在搜索引擎中的可发现性。它们由一小撮要点组成，这些要点捕捉了您的研究的新结果以及研究期间使用的新方法（如果有的话）。请看一下示例亮点。
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use ‘Highlights’ in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
亮点应在在线提交系统中以单独的可编辑文件形式提交。请在文件名中使用“亮点”，并包含 3 到 5 个项目符号（每个项目符号最多 85 个字符，包括空格）。

Abbreviations 缩写
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
在要放在文章第一页的脚注中定义此字段中不标准的缩写。这种在摘要中不可避免的缩略语必须在第一次提及时以及在脚注中定义。确保整篇文章中缩写的一致性。
Acknowledgements 确认
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
在文章末尾的参考文献之前的单独部分中整理致谢，因此，不要将它们包含在标题页上，作为标题的脚注或其他方式。在这里列出那些在研究期间提供帮助的人（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）。
Formatting of funding sources
资金来源的格式
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder’s requirements:
以以下标准方式列出资金来源，以促进符合资助者的要求：
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
资金：这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院的支持 [资助号 xxxx， yyyy];比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会，华盛顿州西雅图[授权号zzzz];以及美国和平研究所（United States Institutes of Peace）[授权号AAAA]。

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
没有必要包括对计划或赠款和奖励类型的详细说明。当资金来自大学、学院或其他研究机构可用的整笔赠款或其他资源时，请提交提供资金的研究所或组织的名称。

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:
如果没有为研究提供资金，建议包括以下句子：

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
这项研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何具体的资助。

Nomenclature and units 命名法和单位
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI. You are urged to consult IUPAC: Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry for further information.
遵循国际公认的规则和惯例：使用国际单位制 （SI）。如果提到其他数量，请以 SI 为单位给出它们的等价物。我们敦促您查阅IUPAC：有机化学命名法以获取更多信息。
Math formulae 数学公式
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
请以可编辑文本的形式提交数学方程式，而不是以图像形式提交。在可能的情况下，根据普通文本呈现简单的公式，并使用实线 （/） 代替水平线表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。原则上，变量应以斜体表示。e 的幂通常更方便地用 exp 表示。连续编号必须与文本分开显示的任何方程式（如果在文本中明确提及）。
Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器在文本中内置脚注，可以使用此功能。如果不是这种情况，请指出脚注在正文中的位置，并在文章末尾单独列出脚注本身。
Artwork 艺术品
Electronic artwork 电子艺术作品
General points 一般要点
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和尺寸。
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• 首选字体：Arial（或 Helvetica）、Times New Roman（或 Times）、Symbol、Courier。
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
• Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
• 按图指示是单列、1.5 列还是 2 列拟合图像。
• For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
• 仅对于 Word 提交，您仍然可以在修订阶段在单个文件中提供图表及其标题和表格。
• Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in separate source files.
• 请注意，大于 10 MB 的单个图形文件必须在单独的源文件中提供。
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
电子艺术品的详细指南可用。
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。
Formats 格式
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用何种应用程序，当您的电子图稿定稿时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）：
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as ‘graphics’.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量图。嵌入字体或将文本另存为“图形”。
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：彩色或灰度照片（半色调）：始终使用至少 300 dpi。
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线图：至少使用 1000 dpi。
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
TIFF（或 JPG）：位图线/半色调（彩色或灰度）组合：至少需要 500 dpi。
Please do not: 请不要：
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;分辨率太低。
• Supply files that are too low in resolution.
• 提供分辨率过低的文件。
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交的图片与内容不成比例地大。

Color artwork 彩色艺术品
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.
请确保图稿文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或 JPEG）、EPS（或 PDF）或 MS Office 文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您提交了可用的彩色图表，则爱思唯尔将免费确保这些图表将以彩色形式在线显示（例如，ScienceDirect和其他网站），无论这些插图是否在印刷版本中以彩色形式复制。对于印刷品的彩色复制，您将在收到您接受的文章后收到爱思唯尔有关费用的信息。请注明您对颜色的偏好：仅限印刷版或在线版。有关电子艺术作品准备的更多信息。
Figure captions 图形说明
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。标题应包括简短的标题（而不是插图本身）和插图说明。将插图本身中的文字保持在最低限度，但解释所有使用的符号和缩写。
Tables 表

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
请以可编辑文本的形式提交表格，而不是以图像形式提交表格。表格可以放在文章中的相关文本旁边，也可以放在末尾的单独页面上。根据表格在文本中的外观连续编号表格，并将所有表格注释放在表格正文下方。在使用表格时要谨慎，并确保表格中提供的数据不会与本文其他地方描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元格中使用竖排规则和底纹。
References 引用
Citation in text 文本中的引用
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’. Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
请确保文中引用的每个参考文献也出现在参考文献列表中（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不建议在参考文献列表中，但可能会在正文中提及。如果这些参考文献包含在参考文献列表中，它们应遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式，并应包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”代替出版日期。引用参考文献为“出版中”意味着该项目已被接受出版。
Web references Web 引用
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
至少应提供完整的 URL 和上次访问引用的日期。如果知道任何进一步的信息（DOI、作者姓名、日期、对源出版物的引用等），也应提供。如果需要，Web 参考文献可以单独列出（例如，在参考文献列表之后）在不同的标题下，也可以包含在参考文献列表中。
Data references 数据参考
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
该期刊鼓励您在稿件中引用基础或相关数据集，方法是在文本中引用它们，并在参考文献列表中包含数据参考。数据引用应包括以下元素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全局持久标识符。在引用之前添加 [dataset]，以便我们可以正确地将其标识为数据引用。[dataset] 标识符不会出现在您发布的文章中。
Preprint references 预印本参考文献
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评议的出版物提供，则应以正式出版物为参考。如果有一些预印本对你的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式出版，则可以参考这些预印本。预印本应明确标明，例如在参考文献中包含预印本一词或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。
References in a special issue
特刊中的参考文献
Please ensure that the words ‘this issue’ are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
请确保将“本期”字样添加到列表中对同一特刊中其他文章的任何参考文献（以及正文中的任何引用）中。
Reference management software
参考文献管理软件
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal’s style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
大多数爱思唯尔期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文样式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件，作者只需在准备文章时选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和参考书目将自动格式化为期刊的样式。如果本期刊尚无可用的模板，请遵循本指南中所示的参考文献和引文样本的格式。如果您使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子稿件之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文献管理软件中删除字段代码的更多信息。
Reference formatting 引用格式
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:
提交时对参考文献格式没有严格要求。引用可以采用任何样式或格式，只要样式一致即可。在适用的情况下，必须提供作者姓名、期刊名称/书名、章节标题/文章标题、出版年份、卷号/书籍章节以及文章编号或分页。强烈建议使用 DOI。期刊使用的参考文献格式将在校样阶段应用于爱思唯尔接受的文章。请注意，缺失的数据将在校对阶段突出显示，以便作者更正。如果您确实希望自己设置引用的格式，则应根据以下示例进行排列：
Reference style 参考样式
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
文本：在与文本对齐的方括号中用数字表示参考文献。可以参考实际作者，但必须始终提供参考编号。
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
列表：按照参考文献在文本中出现的顺序对列表中的参考文献（方括号中的数字）进行编号。
Examples: 例子：
Reference to a journal publication:
期刊出版物的参考文献：
[1] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2010;163:51–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
[1] 范德吉尔 J、汉拉德 JAJ、拉普顿 RA。撰写科学文章的艺术。科学通讯学报 2010;163:51–9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372。
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
引用带有文章编号的期刊出版物：
[2] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 2018;19:e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205
[2] 范德吉尔 J、汉拉德 JAJ、拉普顿 RA。撰写科学文章的艺术。赫利永。2018;19：e00205。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205
Reference to a book:
参考一本书：
[3] Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 4th ed. New York: Longman; 2000.
[3] Strunk Jr W， 怀特 EB.风格的元素。第 4 版。纽约：朗文;2000.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
引用编辑过的书中的章节：
[4] Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age, New York: E-Publishing Inc; 2009, p. 281–304.
[4] 梅塔姆 GR，亚当斯 LB。如何准备文章的电子版。在：Jones BS，Smith RZ，编辑。电子时代导论，纽约：E-Publishing Inc;2009年，第281-304页。
Reference to a website: 对网站的引用：
[5] Cancer Research UK. Cancer statistics reports for the UK, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/; 2003 [accessed 13 March 2003].
[5] 英国癌症研究中心。英国癌症统计报告，http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/;2003年[2003年3月13日查阅]。
Reference to a dataset: 对数据集的引用：
[dataset] [6] Oguro M, Imahiro S, Saito S, Nakashizuka T. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1; 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
[数据集][6] Oguro M、Imahiro S、Saito S、Nakashizuka T. 日本橡树枯萎病和周围森林成分的死亡率数据，Mendeley Data，v1;2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Note shortened form for last page number. e.g., 51–9, and that for more than 6 authors the first 6 should be listed followed by ‘et al.’ For further details you are referred to ‘Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals’ (J Am Med Assoc 1997;277:927–34) (see also Samples of Formatted References).
注意最后一页页码的缩写形式。例如，51-9，对于超过 6 位作者，应列出前 6 位，后跟“et al”。 有关更多详细信息，请参阅“提交给生物医学期刊的手稿的统一要求”（J Am Med Assoc 1997;277：927-34）（另见格式化参考文献样本）。
Journal abbreviations source
期刊缩写来源
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.
期刊名称应根据标题词缩写列表进行缩写。
Video 视频

Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file’s content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply ‘stills’ with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
爱思唯尔接受视频资料和动画序列来支持和加强您的科学研究。强烈建议有视频或动画文件的作者在文章正文中包含指向这些文件的链接。这可以通过与图形或表格相同的方式完成，方法是参考视频或动画内容并在正文中注明应放置的位置。所有提交的文件都应正确标记，以便它们与视频文件的内容直接相关。为了确保您的视频或动画材料可直接使用，请以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件，每个文件的首选最大大小为 150 MB，总共 1 GB。所提供的视频和动画文件将以电子版的形式在爱思唯尔网络产品（包括ScienceDirect）中在线发布。请在您的文件中提供“静止图像”：您可以从视频或动画中选择任何一帧，也可以制作单独的图像。这些将代替标准图标，并将个性化指向您的视频数据的链接。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的视频说明页面。注意：由于视频和动画不能嵌入到期刊的印刷版中，请为文章中引用此内容的部分提供电子版和印刷版的文本。
Data visualization 数据可视化

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.
在您的出版物中加入交互式数据可视化，让您的读者与您的研究进行更密切的互动和互动。按照此处的说明，了解可用的数据可视化选项以及如何将它们包含在您的文章中。
Supplementary material 补充材料

Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the ‘Track Changes’ option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
补充材料，如应用程序、图像和声音剪辑，可以与您的文章一起发布，以增强它。提交的补充项目将与收到的完全相同（Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示）。请将您的材料与文章一起提交，并为每个补充文件提供简明扼要的描述性标题。如果您希望在流程的任何阶段对补充材料进行更改，请务必提供更新的文件。不要对以前版本的任何更正进行批注。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的“跟踪更改”选项，因为这些选项将显示在已发布的版本中。
Research data 研究数据

This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
该期刊鼓励并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的数据，并使您能够将数据与您发表的文章相互链接。研究数据是指验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中还可能包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用材料。
Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the “References” section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
您可以通过以下几种方式将数据与文章相关联，或在提交稿件时声明数据的可用性。如果您以这些方式之一共享数据，我们鼓励您在稿件和参考文献列表中引用数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存储、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data linking 数据链接
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
如果您已在数据存储库中提供您的研究数据，则可以将您的文章直接链接到数据集。爱思唯尔与多个存储库合作，将ScienceDirect上的文章与相关存储库链接起来，使读者能够访问基础数据，从而更好地了解所描述的研究。
There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.
有多种方法可以将数据集链接到文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息来直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.
对于受支持的数据存储库，存储库横幅将自动显示在您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章旁边。

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
此外，您可以使用以下格式通过稿件文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020;中央商业中心：734053;PDB：1XFN）。

Data statement 数据语句
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.
为了提高透明度，我们鼓励您在提交的内容中说明数据的可用性。这可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，您将有机会在提交过程中说明原因，例如声明研究数据是机密的。该声明将与您在ScienceDirect上发表的文章一起出现。有关更多信息，请访问数据声明页面。
After acceptance 验收后
Online proof correction 在线校样校对

To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
为确保文章的快速发表过程，我们恳请作者在两天内向我们提供校对更正。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含指向我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 MS Word：除了编辑文本外，您还可以在文案编辑器中对图形/表格进行评论并回答问题。基于 Web 的校对允许您直接输入更正，从而消除了潜在的错误引入，从而提供了更快、更不容易出错的过程。
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在 PDF 版本上注释和上传您的编辑内容。所有校对说明都将在我们发送给作者的电子邮件中提供，包括在线版本和 PDF 的替代方法。
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
我们将尽一切可能使您的文章快速准确地发表。请仅用于检查正文、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。对接受发表的文章进行重大更改，只有在获得编辑许可的情况下才会在此阶段进行考虑。重要的是要确保在一次通信中将所有更正发回给我们。请在回复前仔细检查，因为无法保证包含任何后续更正。校对完全由您负责。
Offprints 分印本

The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social media. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link.
通讯作者将免费收到一个定制的分享链接，提供 50 天免费访问 ScienceDirect 上文章的最终发表版本。分享链接可用于通过任何沟通渠道（包括电子邮件和社交媒体）分享文章。需要额外付费，可以通过文章被接受出版后发送的印刷订单订购纸质印刷品。发表文章的通讯作者不会收到分享链接，因为他们的文章的最终发表版本在ScienceDirect上是开放获取的，可以通过文章DOI链接分享。
Author inquiries 作者咨询

Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
请访问爱思唯尔支持中心，找到您需要的答案。在这里，您将找到从常见问题到联系方式的所有内容。
You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.
您还可以查看已提交文章的状态，或了解您接受的文章何时发表。

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-hydrogen-energy